INGLÉS 3
martes, 24 de julio de 2012
2.1.3. Estructura vista en semestre anterior.
PRESENT PERFECT + ever, never, already, yet.
The adverbs ever and never express the idea of an unidentified time before now e.g. Have you ever visited Berlin?
'Ever' is used
• In questions. e.g.
Have you ever been to England?
Has she ever met the Prime Minister?
• In negative questions e.g.
Haven't they everbeen to Europe?
Haven't you ever eaten Chinese food?
• And in negative statements using the pattern nothing.......ever, nobody.......ever e.g.
Nobody has ever said that to me before.
Nothing like this has ever happened to us.
• 'Ever' is also used with 'The first time.... e.g.
It's the first time (that) I've ever eaten snails.
This is the first time I've ever been to England.
'Never' means at no time before now, and is the same as not..... ever:
• I have never visited Berlin
BE CAREFUL!
You must not use never and not together:
• I haven't never been to Italy.
• I have never been to Italy.
Position
'Ever' and 'never' are always placed before the main verb (past participle).
Already and yet
Already
Refers to an action that has happened at an unspecified time before now. It suggests that there is no need for repetition, e.g.
a. I've already drunk three coffees this morning. (and you're offering me another one!)
b. Don't write to John, I've already done it.
It is also used in questions:
• Have you already written to John?
• Has she finished her homework already?
Position
Already can be placed before the main verb (past participle) or at the end of the sentence:
• I have already been to Tokyo.
• I have been to Tokyo already.
Yet
Is used in negative statements and questions, to mean (not) in the period of time between before now and now, (not) up to and including the present. e.g.
• Have you met Judy yet?
• I haven't visited the Tate Gallery yet.
• Has he arrived yet?
• They haven't eaten yet.
Position
Yet is usually placed at the end of the sentence.
Present Perfect Tense - For and Since
We use Present Perfect tense to talk about action which started in the past and continues up to the present.
Examples
I have had this computer for about a year.
How long have you been at this school?
I haven't seen Julia since September.
Tip! For other uses of the Present Perfect tense, see the Present Perfect Tense - When To Use.
We use for with a period of time, for example: a few days, half an hour, two years. We use since
with the time when the action started, for example: last year, June 8, I met you.
2.1.3. Estructura vista en semestre anterior.
Presente Perfecto (Present Perfect Tense)
El Presente Perfecto en el idioma inglés es un tiempo verbal que se utiliza para referirnos a acciones que suceden en un pasado reciente y que guardan alguna relación con el presente. Su equivalente en el idioma español es el Pretérito Perfecto:
I have sent the letter.
Yo he enviado la carta.
(Indica que la acción acaba de suceder)
Para poder construir la forma afirmativa del Presente Perfecto debemos utilizar como auxiliar el verbo TO HAVE en Presente Simple y acompañado por el verbo principal en su Pasado Participio (ya sean verbos regulares o verbos irregulares):
I have bought a new dress. Yo he comprado un nuevo vestido.
You have studied the lesson. Tú has estudiado la lección.
He has broken the window. Él ha roto la ventana.
She has lost the keys. Ella ha perdido las llaves.
Recuerden que a las 3º personas del singular deben colocar la "S" en el auxiliar ya que se trata del Presente Simple.
En cambio, para formar una interrogación deberemos colocar el auxiliar al comienzo de la oración, luego el sujeto y posteriormente el verbo principal también en Pasado Participio:
Have I bought a new dress? He comprado un nuevo vestido?
Have you studied the lesson? Has estudiado la lección?
Has he broken the window? Ha roto él la ventana?
Has she lost the keys? Ha perdido ella las llaves?
Por su parte, la forma negativa se forma poniendo la negación NOT entre el auxiliar y el verbo principal, por ejemplo:
I have not bought a new dress. Yo no he comprado un nuevo vestido.
You have not studied the lesson. Tú no has estudiado la lección.
He has not broken the window. Él no ha roto la ventana.
She has not lost the keys. Ella no ha perdido la llave.
También puede utilizarse la forma contraída de la negación colocando HAVEN'T o HASN'T según corresponda.
Cabe destacar que cuando hablamos en Presente Perfecto no debemos mencionar el momento en que se ha producido la acción, ya que de hacerlo deberíamos utilizar el Pasado Simple, por ejemplo:
I have sold my car.
Yo he vendido mi auto. (Presente Perfecto)
I sold my car this morning.
Yo vendí mi auto esta mañana. (Pasado Simple)
2.1.2. Be able to.
Presente / Present Yo voy Ejemplo: - ¿Voy yo? - Yo no voy
Affirmative
I be able to
You be able to
He be able toes
She be able toes
It be able toes
We be able to
You be able to
They be able to
Interrogative
Do I be able to?
Do you be able to?
Does He be able to?
Does She be able to?
Does It be able to?
Do We be able to?
Do You be able to?
Do They be able to?
Negative
I do not be able to
You do not be able to
He does not be able to
She does not be able to
It does not be able to
We do not be able to
You do not be able to
They do not be able to
Presente continuo / Present continuos.
Yo estoy yendo - Ejemplo:¿Estoy yendo yo? - Yo no estoy yendo
Affirmative
I am be able toing
You are be able toing
He is be able toing
She is be able toing
It is be able toing
We are be able toing
You are be able toing
They are be able toing
Interrogative
Am I be able toing ?
Are you be able toing ?
Is he be able toing ?
Is she be able toing ?
Is it be able toing ?
Are we be able toing ?
Are you be able toing ?
Are they be able toing ?
Negative
I am not be able toing
You are not be able toing
He is not be able toing
She is not be able toing
It is not be able toing
We are not be able toing
You are not be able toing
They are not be able toing
Pasado / Past Yo fui . Ejemplo:¿Fui yo? Yo no fui
Affirmative
I be able toed
You be able toed
He be able toed
She be able toed
It be able toed
We be able toed
You be able toed
They be able toed
Interrogative
Did I be able to?
Did you be able to?
Did He be able to?
Did She be able to?
Did It be able to?
Did We be able to?
Did You be able to?
Did They be able to?
Negative
I did not be able to
You did not be able to
He did not be able to
She did not be able to
It did not be able to
We did not be able to
You did not be able to
They did not be able to
Futuro / Future Yo iré - Ejemplo:¿Iré yo? - Yo no iré
Affirmative
I will be able to
You will be able to
He will be able to
She will be able to
It will be able to
We will be able to
You will be able to
They will be able to
Interrogative
Will I be able to?
Will you be able to?
Will He be able to?
Will She be able to?
Will It be able to?
Will We be able to?
Will You be able to?
Will They be able to?
Negative
I will not be able to
You will not be able to
He will not be able to
She will not be able to
It will not be able to
We will not be able to
You will not be able to
They will not be able to
Pretérito Perfecto / Present Perfect
Yo he ido Ejemplo: -¿He ido yo? - Yo no he ido
Affirmative
I have be able toed
You have be able toed
He has be able toed
She has be able toed
It has be able toed
We have be able toed
You have be able toed
They have be able toed
Interrogative
Have I be able toed?
Have you be able toed?
Has He be able toed?
Has She be able toed?
Has It be able toed?
Have We be able toed?
Have You be able toed?
Have They be able toed?
Negative
I have not be able toed
You have not be able toed
He has not be able toed
She has not be able toed
It has not be able toed
We have not be able toed
You have not be able toed
They have not be able toed
Pluscuamperfecto / Past Perfect
Yo había ido - Ejemplo: ¿Había ido yo? - Yo no había ido
Affirmative
I had be able toed
You had be able toed
He had be able toed
She had be able toed
It had be able toed
We had be able toed
You had be able toed
They had be able toed
Interrogative
Had I be able toed?
Had you be able toed?
Had He be able toed?
Had She be able toed?
Had It be able toed?
Had We be able toed?
Had You be able toed?
Had They be able toed?
Negative
I had not be able toed
You had not be able toed
He had not be able toed
She had not be able toed
It had not be able toed
We had not be able toed
You had not be able toed
They had not be able toed
Condicional Simple / Conditional
Yo iría Ejemplo: - ¿Iría yo? - Yo no iría
Affirmative
I would be able to
You would be able to
He would be able to
She would be able to
It would be able to
We would be able to
You would be able to
They would be able to
Interrogative
Would I be able to ?
Would you be able to?
Would he be able to ?
Would she be able to ?
Would it be able to ?
Would we be able to ?
Would you be able to ?
Would they be able to ?
Negative
I would not be able to
You would not be able to
He would not be able to
She would not be able to
It would not be able to
We would not be able to
You would not be able to
They would not be able to
Condicional Perfecto / Conditional Perfect
Yo habría ido Yo no habría ido
Affirmative
I would have be able toed
You would have be able toed
He would have be able toed
She would have be able toed
It would have be able toed
We would have be able toed
You would have be able toed
They would have be able toed
Interrogative
¿Habría ido yo?
Would I have be able toed ?
Would you have be able toed?
Would he have be able toed ?
Would she have be able toed ?
Would it have be able toed ?
Would we have be able toed ?
Would you have be able toed ?
Would they have be able toed ?
Negative
I would not have be able toed
You would not have be able toed
He would not have be able toed
She would not have be able toed
It would not have be able toed
We would not have be able toed
You would not have be able toed
They would not have be able toed
Be able to significa ser capaz de.
Ejemplo afirmativo: I'm able to write a letter.
Ejemplo negativo: I don't think I’m able to write a letter.
Ejemplo interrogativo: Are you able to write a letter?
Ejemplo en pasado: were you able to write a letter?
Ejemplo en presente y futuro: You are able to write a letter.
Se utiliza cuando queremos decir que alguien es capaz de algo, que puede. Can y Could pueden ser reemplazados en ciertos casos por esta forma verbal.
• To be able to - ser capaz de, poder
• La expresión "to be able to" posee un significado similar a la de los modales "can" y "could", sin embargo no es un auxiliar modal dado que puede conjugarse en todos los tiempos verbales.
To be able to + infinitive: (capacidad, aptitud) saber, poder, ser capaz de
Can + base form: (capacidad, aptitud) poder, saber, a veces no se traduce
El uso de "be able to" en el Presente Simple (am/is/are able to) es poco frecuente aunque posible. Para este tiempo verbal, el empleo de "can" es más común.
• Helen can speak five languages fluently.
Helen puede hablar cinco idiomas con fluidez.
• Helen is able to speak five languages fluently. (poco común)
Helen puede hablar cinco idiomas con fluidez.
• Can you hear me well?
¿Me puedes oír bien?
• Are you able to hear me well? (poco común)
¿Me puedes oír bien?
"Be able to" se emplea más a menudo en combinación con otros auxiliares.
• You will be able to get tickets to the concert if you arrive at the box office early.
Podrás conseguir entradas para el recital si llegas a la boletería temprano.
• Will you be able to come with us?
¿Podrás venir con nosotros?
• The kids have not been able to study much today.
Los niños no han sido capaces de estudiar mucho hoy.
• Ms. Peterson has been able to contact Mr. Hope this morning.
La Sra. Peterson pudo contactar al Sr. Hope esta mañana.
• The police were finally able to solve the mystery.
La policía pudo finalmente resolver el misterio.
• Jim was not able to meet Richard yesterday.
Jim no pudo encontrarse con Richard ayer.
• Mom had been able to clean the house before we got home.
Mamá había podido limpiar la casa antes de que llegáramos a casa.
• After I had been able to open the box, I discovered that it was empty.
Después de que había podido abrir la caja, descubrí que estaba vacía.
• If Betsy danced every day, she would be able to become a professional dancer.
Si Betsy bailara todos los días, podría llegar a ser una bailarina profesional.
• Peter would be able to speak Italian if he lived in Rome for a year.
Peter sería capaz de hablar italiano si viviera en Roma durante un año.
Was/were able to & Could
Was able to - pude (Indica una capacidad específica para realizar un acto que existió en el pasado en un momento determinado.)
Could - podía, pude (Se refiere a una aptitud o capacidad general que existía en el pasado pero que ya no existe más.)
• That soccer player was able to score nine goals last season.
Ese jugador de fútbol pudo marcar nueve goles la temporada pasada.
• Our team was able to beat yours in the World Cup.
Nuestro equipo pudo derrotar al tuyo en la Copa del Mundo.
• We were all able to pass the test last week.
Todos pudimos aprobar el examen la semana pasada.
• At the conference, the speaker could answer all the questions.
En la conferencia, el orador pudo contestar todas las preguntas.
• When Grace was five, she could walk on her hands.
Cuando Grace tenía cinco años, podía caminar con las manos.
• When David was a boy, he could run very fast.
Cuando David era un niño, podía correr muy rápido.
En las oraciones negativas no existe diferencia entre el uso de "could" y "was/were able to".
• The climbers could not/were not able to reach the summit yesterday.
Los escaladores no pudieron llegar a la cima ayer.
• Tom could not/was not able to win the contest last year.
Tom no pudo ganar el concurso el año pasado.
To manage to + infinitive - lograr, poder (no es un auxiliar modal)
• The children managed to reach the tree top.
Los niños lograron subir a la copa del árbol.
• They managed to persuade us to travel around Europe with them.
Lograron convencernos para que viajemos con ellos por Europa.
• How did you manage to get a round trip ticket to New York two days before Christmas?
¿Cómo lograste conseguir un pasaje de ida y vuelta a New York dos días antes de Navidad?
2.1.1. Primer condicional.
CONDICIONALES - CONDITIONALS
TIPOS DE CONDICIONALES
Tipo If frase principal
1 Simple Present will (future)
2 Simple Past would + Infinitivo(Conditional)
3 Past Perfect would + have + past participle (Conditional Perfect)
1. Zero Conditional: Para describir rutinas o hechos generales
Example
If I leave the house at 8am, I catch the bus at 8.15am
(this always happens = zero condition)
If + Present simple or continuous + subject + present simple
2. Primer condicional / First Conditional
Este condicional indica que la condición es muy probable que se cumpla.
IF + simple present,... + future (will)
If I learn, I'll pass the exam.
If we don't hurry up, we will be late.
(Si no nos damos prisa, haremos tarde.)
What will you do if you don't go to London?
(¿Qué harás si no vas a Londres?)
3. Segundo condicional / Second Conditional
Lo usamos en casos hipotéticos, situaciones imaginarias o poco probables.
IF + past simple,..+ conditional simple (would/could)
If I learnt, I would pass the exam.
If I won the lottery, I would be rich.
(Si ganara la lotería, sería rico)
If the football tickets were available, I would pay any price for them.
(Si las entradas para el fútbol estuvieran disponibles, pagaría cualquier precio por ellas.)
4. Tercer condicional / Third Conditional
Indica una condición en el pasado, que ya no se puede cumplir.
IF + past perfect ...
+ conditional perfect (would have).
If I had learnt, I would have passed the exam.
If he had worked hard in all his subjects, he would not have failed this semester.
(Si él hubiera trabajado en todas sus asignaturas, él no hubiera suspendido este semestre)
If we had been more careful, we wouldn't have had the accident.
(Si hubiésemos sido más cuidadosos, no habríamos tenido el accidente.)
Otros casos
Existen otras formas de construir frases condicionales:
IF + simple present... present simple
If you ring this number, nobody answers.
IF + simple present ... imperativo.
If you drink, don't drive.
Lee las siguientes frases condicionales pronunciándolas correctamente y al lado, tradúcelas al español.
If I work hard, I will pass my exams.
If we don't hurry up, we will be late.
What will you do if you don't go to university?
If I studied, I would pass.
If I won the lottery, I would be rich
If you hadn't made that mistake, you'd have passed your test.
If you heat water, it boils.
If you don't come, tell it to me.
If you had planned things at the start, we wouldn't be in this mess now.
I’ll tell him, whether you want or not.
I can't see if I don't wear glasses.
I can't see unless I wear glasses.
I'd better reserve a seat today in case the train is full tomorrow
1.1.4. Pronombres posesivos
1. Indican posesión o pertenencia y corresponde cada uno a cada persona gramatical.
2. Los pronombres se forman a partir de los adjetivos añadiendo una s al adjetivo, excepto en my, mine y en los que ya llevan la s (his, his; its, its).
3. El artículo que en castellano precede al posesivo no se traduce al inglés:
This book is mine (Este libro es el mío).
(máin) mine el mío, la mía, los míos, las mías
(iórs) yours el tuyo, la tuya, los tuyos, las tuyas (de tú);
el suyo, la suya, los suyos, las suyas (de ustedes)
(jis) his el suyo, la suya, los suyos, las suyas (de él)
(jers) hers el suyo, la suya, los suyos, las suyas (de ella)
(its) its el suyo, la suya, los suyos, las suyas (de él o ella, para cosas)
(aurs) ours el nuestro, la nuestra, los nuestros, las nuestras
(iórs) yours el vuestro, la vuestra, los vuestros, las vuestras
(déirs) theirs el suyo, la suya, los suyos, las suyas (de ellos o ellas)
De igual forma que los adjetivos, los pronombres posesivos son invariables y nunca van precedidos del artículo.
Here's your book. Where's mine? / Aquí está tu libro. ¿Dónde está el mío?
Is that car yours? / ¿Es tuyo este coche?
A friend of his / Un amigo suyo
Their house is similar to ours / Su casa es similar a la nuestra
1.1.3. Auxiliares Modales (must, should, could, Would, have to, and may)
MUST (DEBERÍA) Se utiliza cuando pensamos o realizamos algo que es necesario o muy probable.
La forma negativa equivale a una prohibición.
Para hablar en pasado o futuro debemos usar el modal have to.
FORMA
NOMBRE O PRONOMBRE AUXILIAR VERBO OBJETO
AFIRMATIVA I/YOU/*HE/SHE/IT/YOU/WE/THEY MUST EAT LESS BREAD
• ÉL DEBE COMER MENOS PAN.
FORMA
NOMBRE O PRONOMBRE AUXILIAR VERBO OBJETO
NEGATIVA I/YOU/*HE/SHE/IT/YOU/WE/THEY MUSTN’T EAT LESS BREAD
• EL NO DEBE COMER MENOS PAN.
FORMA
AUXILIAR VERBAL NOMBRE O PRONOMBRE VERBO OBJETO
INTERROGATIVA MUST I/YOU/*HE/SHE/IT/YOU/
WE/THEY EAT LESS BREAD?
• DEBE ÉL COMER MENOS PAN?
FORMA Q.W. AUXILIAR NOMBRE O PRONOMBRE VERBO OBJETO
INTERROGATIVA WHY MUST I/YOU/*HE/SHE/IT/YOU/WE/THEY EAT LESS BREAD?
+ POR QUÉ DEBE ÉL COMER MENOS PAN?
SHOULD (DEBERÍA) Se utiliza para dar consejo o una opinión.
FORMA
NOMBRE O PRONOMBRE AUXILIAR VERBO OBJETO
OBJETO
AFIRMATIVA I/YOU/*HE/SHE/IT/YOU/WE/THEY SHOULD LEARN ENGLISH
* ÉL DEBERÍA APRENDER INGLÉS.
FORMA
NOMBRE O PRONOMBRE AUXILIAR VERBO OBJETO
NEGATIVA I/YOU/*HE/SHE/IT/YOU/WE/THEY SHOULDN’T LEARN ENGLISH
*ÉL NO DEBERÍA APRENDER INGLÉS.
FORMA
AUXILIAR NOMBRE O PRONOMBRE VERBO OBJETO
INTERROGATIVA SHOULD I/YOU/*HE/SHE/IT/YOU/WE/THEY LEARN ENGLISH?
• DEBERÍA ÉL APRENDER INGLÉS?
FORMA Q. W. AUXILIAR NOMBRE O PRONOMBRE VERBO OBJETO
INTERROGATIVA WHY SHOULD I/YOU/*HE/SHE/IT/YOU/WE/THEY LEARN ENGLISH?
*POR QUÉ DEBERÍA ÉL APRENDER INGLÉS?
COULD (PUDO) Es el pasado de can. También se utiliza para preguntar por algo, pero más educadamente que con can.
FORMA
NOMBRE O PRONOMBRE AUXILIAR VERBO OBJETO
AFIRMATIVA I/YOU/*HE/SHE/IT/YOU/WE/THEY COULD PLAY CHESS
• ÉL PUDO JUGAR AJEDREZ.
FORMA
NOMBRE O PRONOMBRE AUXILIAR VERBO OBJETO
NEGATIVA I/YOU/*HE/SHE/IT/YOU/WE/THEY COULDN’T PLAY CHESS
*ÉL NO PUDO JUGAR AJEDREZ.
FORMA
AUXILIAR VERBAL NOMBRE O PRONOMBRE VERBO OBJETO
INTERROGATIVA COULD I/YOU/*HE/SHE/IT/YOU/WE/THEY PLAY CHESS?
*PUDO ÉL JUGAR AJEDREZ?
FORMA Q.W. AUXILIAR VERBAL NOMBRE O PRONOMBRE VERBO OBJETO
INTERROGATIVA WHERE COULD I/YOU/*HE/SHE/IT/YOU/WE/THEY PLAY CHESS?
*CUÁNDO PUDO/PODRÍA ÉL JUGAR AJEDREZ?
WOULD (TOMA EL NOMBRE DEL VERBO SIMPLE) Would/would like se utiliza en general para las frases condicionales.
También lo usamos para predicciones, ofrecimientos y para preguntar por algo educadamente.
FORMA
NOMBRE O PRONOMBRE AUXILIAR VERBO OBJETO
AFIRMATIVA I/YOU/*HE/SHE/IT/YOU/WE/THEY WOULD ARRIVE EARLY
• ÉL LLEGARÍA TEMPRANO.
FORMA
NOMBRE O PRONOMBRE AUXILIAR VERBO OBJETO
NEGATIVA I/YOU/*HE/SHE/IT/YOU/WE/THEY WOULD NOT ARRIVE EARLY
*ÉL NO LLEGARÍA TEMPRANO.
FORMA
AUXILIAR VERBAL NOMBRE O PRONOMBRE VERBO OBJETO
INTERROGATIVA WOULD I/YOU/*HE/SHE/IT/YOU/WE/THEY ARRIVE EARLY?
*LLEGRÍA ÉL TEMPRANO?
FORMA Q.W. AUXILIAR VERBAL NOMBRE O PRONOMBRE VERBO OBJETO
INTERROGATIVA WHEN WOULD I/YOU/*HE/SHE/IT/YOU/WE/THEY ARRIVE EARLY?
*CUÁNDO CUÁNDO LLEGARÍA ÉL TEMPRANO?
HAVE TO (TIENE) Lo utilizamos para expresar que algo es necesario.
Para formular la pregunta y la negación debemos utilizar el auxiliar do.
FORMA
NOMBRE O PRONOMBRE AUXILIAR VERBO OBJETO
AFIRMATIVA *HE/SHE/IT HAS TO WORK HARDER
YOU/WE/THEY HAVE TO
* ÉL TIENE QUE TRABAJAR MÁS DURO.
FORMA
NOMBRE O
PRONOMBRE AUXILIAR VERBO OBJETO
NEGATIVA *HE/SHE/IT DOESN’T HAVE TO WORK HARDER
YOU/WE/THEY DON’T
*ÉL NO TIENE QUE TRABAJAR MÁS DURO.
FORMA
AUXILIAR PRONOMBRE VERBO OBJETO
INTERROGATIVA DOES *HE/SHE/IT HAVE TO WORK HARDER?
DO YOU/WE/THEY
*TIENE ÉL QUE TRABAJAR MÁS DURO?
FORMA Q.W. AUXILIAR VERBAL NOMBRE O PRONOMBRE AUXILIAR VERBO OBJETO
INTERROGATIVA WHY DOES *HE/SHE/IT HAVE TO WORK HARDER?
DO YOU/WE/THEY
POR QUÉ TIENE ÉL QUE TRABAJAR MÁS DURO?
MAY (PODER) Lo utilizamos para decir que algo es posible o muy probable. Lo usamos con el presente o futuro.
También se utiliza para preguntar por algo pero más educadamente que con el could.
FORMA
NOMBRE O PRONOMBRE AUXILIAR VERBO OBJETO
AFIRMATIVA I/YOU/*HE/SHE/IT/YOU/WE/THEY MAY GO WITH YOU
* ÉL PUEDE IR CONTIGO.
FORMA
NOMBRE O PRONOMBRE AUXILIAR VERBO OBJETO
NEGATIVA I/YOU/*HE/SHE/IT/YOU/WE/THEY MAY NOT GO WITH YOU
*ÉL NO PUEDE IR CONTIGO
FORMA
AUXILIAR VERBAL NOMBRE O PRONOMBRE VERBO OBJETO
INTERROGATIVA MAY I/YOU/*HE/SHE/IT/YOU/WE/THEY GO WITH YOU?
PUEDE ÉL IR CONTIGO?
FORMA Q.W. AUXILIAR NOMBRE O PRONOMBRE VERBO OBJETO
INTERROGATIVA WHEN MAY I/YOU/*HE/SHE/IT/YOU/WE/THEY GO WITH YOU?
*CUÁNDO PUEDE ÉL IR CONTIGO?
Forma Nombre O Pronombre Auxiliar Verbo Objeto
Afirmativa I/You/*He/She/It/ You/We/They Can Play Chess
*Él Puede Jugar Ajedrez.
Forma Nombre O Pronombre Auxiliar + Not Verbo Objeto
Negativa I/You/*He/She/It/ You/We/They Can’t Play Chess
*Él No Puede Jugar Ajedrez.
Forma Auxiliar Nombre O Pronombre Verbo Objeto
Interrogative Can I/You/*He/She/It/ You/We/They Play Chess?
*Puede Él Jugar Ajedrez?
Forma Qw Auxiliar Nombre O Pronombre Verbo Objeto
Interrogativa Where Can I/You/*He/She/It/ You/We/They Play Chess?
*Dónde Puede Él Jugar Ajedrez?
Can no tiene infinitivo. Se le reemplaza por to be able (ser capaz de); tampoco tiene futuro, ya que se cambia por will be able to.
En el pretérito y potencial se transforma en could en algunos casos.
Lee y escucha las siguientes oraciones con auxiliares modales.
I can speak English.
The doctor can see you at 3:00
Can you speak German?
Could you speak Japanese before you went to Japan?
Tony could swim when he was six.
Could you help me?
May I use your dictionary?
Be careful. You might burn yourself
I must really tired. I must go home now.
You have to drive on the right in the USA.
I don't have to wear a uniform at school.
Did you have to work yesterday?
You should have a holiday.
You shouldn't work so hard
What do you think I should do?
Your uncle was very kind to me. I ought to write him a letter to thank.
I would like to go London
Peter was working very hard. He would be tired tomorrow.
1.1.2. Futuro idiomático going to en oraciones afirmativas, negativas e interrogativas.
FUTURO IDIOMÁTICO GOING TO
(Affirmative, Negative and Interrogative Form)
Es una forma muy habitual para referirse a una acción relativa a una intención o una decisión que se había tomado con anterioridad. Al igual que el Presente Progresivo se puede utilizar para expresar planes, citas, etc
Are you going to take the car tonight? / ¿Vas a tomar el coche esta noche?
- Con 'to be' + infinitivo, para indicar lo que está programado para el futuro
The president is to meet the congressmen tomorrow / El presidente se reunirá con los congresistas mañana
- Con 'to have to' (tener que)
I have to go to the dentist / Tengo que ir al dentista
Usamos el Going to como futuro:
- Para hablar de algo que acabamos de decidir que vamos a hacer en el futuro.
Ejemplo : I' m going to write some letters this evening. (voy a escribir unas cartas esta noche)
- Cuando vemos una acción futura a causa de una situación del presente
Ejemplos: Microsoft is going to launch a new product. (Microsoft va a lanzar un nuevo producto.
-Para hablar de planes o ambiciones para el futuro
Ejemplo: I'm going to have a year off. (voy a tomarme un año sabático)
He is going to work in a restaurant in Paris. (El va a trabajar en un restaurante en París.
FORMA AFIRMATIVA FORMA NEGATIVA FORMA INTERROGATIVA
I am going to I am not going to Am i going to?
You are going to You are not going to Are you going to?
He is going to He is not going to Is he going to?
She is going to She is not going to Is she going to?
It is going to It is not going to Is it going to?
You are going to You are not going to Are you going to?
We are going to We are not going to Are we going to?
They are going to They are not going to Are they going to?
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